Materials Engineering Program

Faculty of Engineering

        Dr. Zoheir Farhat earned a PhD degree in Materials Engineering from the University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada in 1996 in the fabrication and tribological behaviour of nano-laminated composite coatings. After receiving his PhD he held many positions in academia, industry and government research laboratories. In 2005, Dr. Farhat joined Dalhousie University as an Assistant Professor and was promoted to Associate Professor and appointed as the Chair of the Materials Engineering Program in 2007. Dr. Farhat is also the founder and Group Leader of the Advanced Tribology Laboratory (ATL) and a member of the Institute of Research in Materials (IRM) at Dalhousie University. He is a former Chair of the "Materials Integrity and Performance" section of the Metallurgical Society (MetSoc) of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum (CIM) and a former member of the Board of Directors of MetSoc. He has 20 years of experience in the field of wear of materials. To-date his lifetime research has resulted in over 60 journal papers and conference contributions and over 40 industrial consulting reports. His work is published in some of the most prestigious international journals in the field. In just the past 5 years, he managed to attract over $2.5M of research funds and trained 35 graduate students (MASc, PhD), postdocs, senior undergrad students and research engineers. He has established many national and international collaborations with industry and academia. He has organized and Chaired symposia on the Corrosion and Wear of Materials. Dr. Farhat is an active member of many professional societies and a former member of the board of review and key reader in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, TMS. He also served as a reviewer for many international journals and funding agencies.

Research Goals

• Develop advanced wear resistant materials and innovative surface engineering technologies to meet industry needs

• Contribute to the understanding of the fundamental principles governing friction and wear phenomena

• Materials – wear resistant materials and coatings, light weight materials (Al and Mg), hard coatings (borides, nitrides, carbides and oxides), superelastic and shape memory alloys, cutting tool materials, nanocrystalline materials and composites

• Properties - tribology, friction, wear, corrosion, micro- and nano-mechanical testing, surface engineering, contact mechanics, nanotribology and structure-property-performance relationships

    While superelastic TiNi alloys have been around for a while, they have not been fully exploited for tribological applications. Dr. Farhat's work is directed towards understanding the wear and dent behaviour of these unique materials for use in tribological applications. One potential application of these alloys is in high precision bearings for the aerospace industry. Superelastic bearings are expected to absorb the high impact loads experienced during space vehicles and aircrafts landing and take off. Dr. Farhat's work in this area has attracted the attention of researchers in NASA Glen Research Center and led to an ongoing collaboration that focuses on extending the use of superelastic materials to bearings in aerospace applications. Dr. Farhat discovered the existence of a strong relationship between loading rate and superelasticity under localized "indentation" loading. The implication of the dependency of superelasticity on indentation loading rate and the limitations this behaviour imposes on the use of these alloys is being fully examined.

    The research focuses on understanding and improving the wear resistance of light weight automotive Al-based alloys and developing novel surface treatment to protect lightweight materials’ surfaces against wear. Dr. Farhat’s work in this area was performed in close collaboration with two leading companies in their fields, Vector Aerospace and Magna-PFC International. The work has resulted in the adaptation of pulsating high pressure waterjet as a new surface treatment process. This cost effective process can be applied locally to cast automotive components to enhance their surface tribological properties. The treatment resulted in 60% enhancement in wear resistance while only 15% improvement in wear resistance was achieved using hot isostatic pressing.

Selected Publications

(I) Articles in Refereed Journals

(1) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. (2012) Erosion-Corrosion of API X-70 Pipeline Steel, Submitted, Wear. (QNRF)

(2) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2012) The Synergistic Effect between Erosion and Corrosion of API Pipeline Steels in CO2 and Saline Medium, Submitted, Tribology International. (QNRF)

(3) Onuoha, C., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G and Plucknett, K. (2012), Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of TiC -304L Stainless Steel Composites Prepared by Melt Infiltration, Submitted,Wear. (PRAC)

(4) Shahirnia, M., Farhat, Z. and Jarjoura, G. (2012) The Dependence of Dent Resistance of Superelastic TiNi on Loading Rate, Submitted, Metallurgical Transactions A. (NSERC)

(5) Alfantazi, A. and Farhat, Z. (2012) Failure Analysis of Rear Axle Shaft of a SUV Truck, Submitted, Engineering Failure Analysis. (Contract)

(6) Lin, C., Dadvand, N., Farhat, Z. and Kipouros, G. (2012) Electroless Ni-P Plating on Carbon Steel, Submitted, Surface and Coatings Technology. (NSERC).

(7) Buchholz, S., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2012) Reciprocating Wear Response of TiC and Ti(C,N)‐Ni3Al  Cermets,  Submitted, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. (PRAC)

(8) Neupane, R., Farhat, Z. (2012) Wear and Dent resistance of Superelastic TiNi alloy, Submitted, Wear. (NSERC)

(9) Buchholz, S., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2012) The Reciprocating Wear  Behaviour  of  TiC‐Ni3Al  Cermets, International  Journal  of  Refractory  Metals  and  Hard   Materials, 33:44-52. (PRAC)

(10) Shahirnia, M., Farhat, Z., and Jarjoura, G. (2011) Effects of Temperature and Loading Rate on the Deformation Characteristics of Superelastic TiNi Shape Memory Alloys under Localized Compressive Loads, Materials Science and Engineering A, 530: 628-632. (NSERC)

(11) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z., Bonnell J. (2011) High Pressure Water-Jet Technology for the Surface Treatment of Al-Si Alloys and Repercussion on Tribological Properties, Journal of  Surface  Engineered  Materials  and Advanced  Technology, 1: 112-120. (Auto21)

(12) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2011) The Influence of Porosity and Hot Isostatic Pressure Treatment on Wear Characteristics of Cast and P/M Aluminum Alloys, Wear, 271: 1594-1601. (Auto21)

(13) Nickchi, T., Ghorbani, M., Alfantazi, A. and Farhat, Z. (2011) Fabrication of Low Friction Bronze-Graphite Nano-composite Coating, Materials and Design, 32: 3548-3553. (Contract)

(14) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2011) Effect of Porosity on the Ttribological Behavior of Al-Si Alloy, Tribology International, 44: 498-504. (Auto21)

(15) Farhat, Z. and Zhang, C. (2010) The Role of Reversible Martensitic Transformation in the Wear Process of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy, Tribology Transactions, 53: 917- 926. (NSERC)

(16) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2010) Wear of A380M Aluminum Alloy under Reciprocating Load, Materials Engineering and Performance, 19: 1208-121. (Auto21)

(17) Wilson, D.,  Dunbar, M., Amirault, J. and Farhat, Z. (2010) Catastrophic Early Failure of a Modular Femoral Neck Total Hip Arthroplasty Component, J. of Bone and Joint Surgery, 92: 1514-1517. (Contract)

(18) Deen, K., Ahmad, R., Khan, I. and Farhat, Z. (2010) Microstructural Study and Electrochemical Behavior of Low Alloy Steel Weldment, Materials and Design 31: 3051-3055. (Contract)

(19) Stewart, T.,  Collier, B., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2010) Melt-Infiltration Processing Of Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Cermets, Ceramic Engineering and Science, 31: 97-104. (PRAC)

(20) Farhat, Z and Zhang, C. (2009) On the Deformation of Superelastic NiTi Alloy, Tribology Letters 37: 169-173. (NSERC)

(21) Zhang, C. and Farhat, Z. (2009) Sliding Wear of Superelastic NiTi Alloy, Wear 267: 294-400. (NSERC)

(22) Farhat, Z. (2009) Wear Resistant Composite Coatings, Mater. Characterization 60: 337-345. (NSERC)

(23) Farhat, Z. and Alfantazi, A. (2008) High Surface Area Mechanically Alloyed Pt-Based Catalyst, Materials Science and Engineering A, 476: 169-173. (NSERC)

(24) Farhat, Z. (2008) Mechanical Anisotropy in Metal alloy Tubing, Materials Science and Engineering A 474: 96-103. (NSERC)

(25) Pharkya, P., Alfantazi, A. and Farhat, Z (2005) Fabrication using High Energy Ball Milling Technique and Electrochemical Characterization of Pt-Co Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2: 171-178.

(26) Farhat, Z. (2004) Modeling of Catalyst Layer Microstructural Refinement and Catalyst Utilization in PEM Fuel cell, Journal of Power Sources 138: 68-78.

(27) Farhat, Z. (2003) Microstructural Characterization of WC-TiC-Co Cutting Tools During High Speed Machining of P20 Mold Steel, Materials Characterization 51: 117-130.

(28) Farhat, Z. (2003) Wear Mechanism of CBN Cutting Tool during High Speed Machining of Mold Steel, Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A 361: 100-110.

(29) Farhat, Z. (2001) Contribution of Crystallographic Texturing to the Friction and Wear Behavior of FCC and HCP Metals, Wear 250: 401-408.

(30) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and Alpas, A. (1997) Nanoindentation and Friction studies on Ti-Based Nanolaminated Composite Films, Surface Coatings Technology 89: (1/2) 24-30.

(31) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and Alpas, A. (1996) The Effect of Grain Size on The Friction and Wear of Nanocrystalline Aluminum, Material Science and Engineering A 206: 203-313.

(32) Farhat, Z., Ding, D., Alpas, A. and Northwood, D. (1996) The Processing and Testing of New and Advanced Materials for Wear Resistant Coatings, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 63: 859-864.

(33) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and Alpas, A. (1994) Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behaviour of Nanolayered Al/Al2O3 and Ti/TiN Composites, Surface Coatings Technology 68/69: 459-467.

(34) Farhat, Z. and Northwood, D. (1993) A Study of Recovery, Recrystallization, Grain Growth and Phase Transformations During The Annealing of Cold-Worked Zircaloy-4, Materials Science Forum 113-115: 649-654.  

 (II) Refereed Conference Proceedings

 (35) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. and Mahdi, E. (2012) Influence of Impact Angle and Velocity on Erosion of AISI 1018 Steel Under Jet Impingement, Proceeding of the 3rd International Gas Proc. Symp., Qatar, March. (QNRF)

(36) Zhang, C. and Farhat, Z. (2009) Micromechanical Properties of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy, Proceeding of CANCAM09, Halifax, NS, June. (NSERC)

(37) Farhat, Z. (2006) On The Wear of Cutting Tools in High Speed Machining, Proceeding of Conference of Metallurgists, COM2006, Montreal, QC, October. (NSERC)

(38) Pharkya, P., Farhat, Z, Czech, E. and Alfantazi, A. (2003) Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Mechanically Alloyed Pt-Co Catalyst for Oxygen Gas-Diffusion-Electrode, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Conference 2003, Vancouver, BC, June.

(39) Farhat, Z., Alpas, A. and Northwood, D. (1996) Application of X-ray Diffraction Techniques to the Understanding of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Aluminum and Titanium, The Asian Conference on X-ray and Related Techniques in Research and Industry ACXRI 96, Malaysia, June. 

(40) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. Alpas, A. (1995) Tribological Properties of Microlaminated Al/Al2O3Ccomposites, New Horizons for Materials, Advances in Science and Technology  4,  Florence, Italy, July.

(41) Ding, Y., Farhat, Z., Northwood D. and Alpas, A. (1995) The Preparation, Mechanical Properties and Wear Behaviour of Monolithic TiN and Microlaminated Ti/TiN Surface Coatings, The International Conference on Surface Science and Engineering, Beijing, China, May.

 (III) Non-refereed contributions

 (42) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. (2013) A Study of Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour of HSLA Steels, 19th International Conference on Wear of Materials Portland, Oregon, USA, April. (QNRF)

(43) Neupane, R., Farhat, Z. (2013) Reciprocating Wear of Superelastic TiNi alloy, 19th International Conference on Wear of Materials Portland, Oregon, USA, April. (NSERC)

(44) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. (2013) Characterization of Synergistic Effects between Erosion and Corrosion in CO2 and Saline Medium, 19th International Conference on Wear of Materials Portland, Oregon, USA, April. (QNRF)

(45) Onuoha, C., Kipouros, G, Farhat, Z., and Plucknett, K. (2013) Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Composites in Synthetic Seawater, 2nd Annual Global Young Investigator Forum (GYIF): Ceramic processing and application: novel processing and synthesis routes session at the 37th International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites (ICACC).Daytona Beach Florida, USA. January. (PRAC)

(46) Onuoha, C., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G and Plucknett, K. (2013) The Sliding Wear Behaviour of TiC-316L Stainless Steel Composites, Symposium 1: Mechanical Behavior & Performance of Ceramics & Composites: Tribological performance of ceramics and composites session at the 37th International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites (ICACC) Daytona Beach Florida, USA. January. (PRAC)

(47) Neupane, R., Farhat, Z. (2013) Deformation Characteristics of SMA during Wear, 19th International Conference on Wear of Materials Portland, Oregon, USA, April. (NSERC)

(48) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. and Mahdi, E. (2012) Effect of Particle Velocity and Impact angle on Erosion Corrosion of API X-70 Pipeline Steel in Corrosive Environment, 3rd International Symposium on Tribo-Corrosion, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, April. (QNRF)

(49) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. and Mahdi, E.  (2012) Erosion-Corrosion and Synergistic Effects of API Pipeline Steel under Jet Impingement, Third Int. Symp. on Tribo-Corrosion, Atlanta, Georgia USA, April. (QNRF)

(50) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. and Mahdi, E. (2012) A Study of Erosion by Solid Particle Impingement on API Pipeline Steel, 3rd International Gas Proc. Symp., Qatar, March. (QNRF)

(51) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. and Mahdi, E. (2012) Effect of Attach Angle and Velocity on Material Removal in Wet Erosion of API Gas Pipelines, 3rd Int. Gas Proc. Symp., Qatar, March. (QNRF)

(52) Onuoha, C., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G and Plucknett, K. (2012) Effect of Microstructure and Grain Size on the Wear Behaviour of Melt-Infiltrated TiC- 316L Stainless Steel Composites, Proceeding of Microscopical Society of Canada, Annual Meeting, Halifax, Canada, June. (PRAC)

(53) Holmes, M., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G and Plucknett, K. (2012) Electrochemical Behaviour of Ti(C,N)-Ni₃Al Cermet, Proceeding of Microscopical Society of Canada, Annual Meeting, Halifax, Canada, June. (PRAC)

(54) Islam, M., Farhat, Z. (2012) Surface Treatment of Al-Si Alloys using High Pressure Water Jet Technology, AUTO21 Annual Conference, Montreal, Quebec, May (Auto21) HQP Competition Award.

(55) Onuoha, C., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G and Plucknett, K. (2012) Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of TiC-304L Stainless Steel Composites, 24th CMSC Conference, London, Ontario, June. (PRAC)

(56) Onuoha, C., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G and Plucknett, K. (2012) Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Composites in Saline Solution, Institute of Materials Research Annual General Meeting, Halifax, June.

(57) Onuoha, C., Kipouros, G., Farhat, Z and Plucknett, K. (2012) Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Composites in Saline Solution, NACE Corrosion Conference, Toronto, October.

(58) Allen, J., Bergeron, P., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2011) The Aqueous Slurry Erosion Behaviour of Baseline Stainless Steels, Canad. Mat. Sci. Conf., Kelowna, BC, June. (PRAC)

(59) Onuoha, C., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2011) Development and Characterisation of Melt‐infiltrated TiC‐Stainless Steel Composites, Can. Mat. Sci. Conf., Kelowna, BC, June. (PRAC)

(60) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2011) Influence of Porosity on Wear Performance of Cast and Sintered Al – Si Alloys, Wear of Materials conference, WOM2011, Philadelphia, USA, April. (Auto21)

(61) Buchholz, S., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2011) The Fretting Wear Response of Ti(C,N)‐Ni₃Al Cermets, Canad. Mat. Sci. Conf., CMSC2011, Kelowna, BC, June. (PRAC)

(62) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2011) Effect of High Pressure Water jet Treatment on Tribological Properties of HPDC A380M Alloy, Auto21, Ottawa, ON, May. (Auto21) HQP Competition Award.

(63) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2011) The Effect of Porosity on the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al-Si Alloy, Wear of Materials conference, WOM2011, Philadelphia, USA, April. (Auto21)

(64) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2010) Effect of Surface Porosity and Surface Treatments on Tribological Properties of HPDC Aluminum A380M Alloy, Auto21, Windsor, ON, May. (Auto21)

(65) Stewart, T., Collier, B., Farhat, Z., Kipouros, G. and Plucknett, K. (2010) Processing of Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Cermets, 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), Daytona Beach, USA, August. (PRAC)

(66) Stewart, T., Collier, R.,  Farhat, Z.,  Kipouros, G. and  Plucknett, P.  (2010) Wear of Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Composites Prepared by Melt-Infiltration, Materials Science & Technology, Houston, USA, October. (PRAC)

(67) Shahirnia, M., Farhat, Z., and Jarjoura, G. (2010) Deformation Behaviour of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy under a Spherical Indenter, Conference of Metallurgists, Vancouver. BC, October. (NSERC)

(68) Islam, M. and Farhat, Z. (2010) Porosity and HIP Effects on Wear  Alloy, Conference of Metallurgists, Vancouver. BC, October. (Auto21)

(69) Shahirnia, M., Farhat, Z., and Jarjoura, G. (2010) Load and Temperature Effects on the Superelastic Characteristics of TiNi under Localized Compressive Load, Conference of Metallurgists, Vancouver. BC, October. (NSERC)

(70) Stewart, T.,  Collier, R.,  Farhat, Z.,  Kipouros, G. and  Plucknett, P. (2010) Development of Wear Resistant Titanium Carbide-Stainless Steel Composites, Can. Mat. Sci. Conf., Waterloo, July. (PRAC)

(71) Wilson, D.,  Dunbar, M., Amirault, J. and Farhat, Z.  (2010) Failure of a Modular Neck of a Total Hip Replacement Component, Orthopaedia 65^th COA Annual Meeting, Edmonton, AB, June. (Contract)

(72) Zhang, C. and Farhat, Z. (2009) Tribological and Microstructural Characterization of NiTi Alloy, Wear of Materials conference, WOM2009, Las Vegas, April. (NSERC)

(73) Islam M. and Farhat, Z. (2009) Effect of Surface Porosity on Tribological Properties of HPDC Aluminum A380M Alloy, Auto21, Hamilton, May. (Auto21)

(74) Zhang, C. and Farhat, Z. (2008) Wear Mechanisms in TiNi against WC Counterface, Conference of Metallurgists, COM2008, Winnipeg, MT, August. (NSERC) Best Student Presentation Award

(75) Zhang, C. and Farhat, Z. (2008) Effect of Superelastic Behavior on Wear Resistance of TiNi, Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2008, Winnipeg, MT,  August.  (NSERC)

(76) Farhat, Z. (2006) Wear of CBN, Canad. Mat. Sci. Conf., CMSC2006, Montreal, QC, June.  (NSERC)

(77) Badhesha, A., Gerwal, J. and Farhat, Z. (2004) The Effect of MEA Design and Preparation Method on Catalyst Utilization and PEMFC Performance, Materials Science Student Conference, Vancouver, BC, Jan.

(78) Pharkya, P., Gerwal, J. and Farhat, Z. (2004) Catalyst Layer Microstructure and its effect on PEM Fuel cell Performance, International Conference on Fuel Cell Development and Deployment, Storrs, Connecticut, USA, March.

(79) Bone, R., Kung N. and Farhat, Z. (2004) Effect of Catalyst Particle Size on the Polarization Characteristics of PEM Fuel Cell, Materials Science Student Conference, Vancouver, BC, Jan.

(80) Farhat, Z., Czech, E. and Alfantazi, A. (2003) Mechanochemical Synthesis of Novel Pt-Based Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells, The Conference of Metallurgists COM 2003, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Aug.

(81) Farhat, Z. Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and A. T. Alpas (1997) Fabrication by Magnetron Sputtering of Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystalline Films for Tribological Applications, The 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Tin Films, San Diego, CA, USA,  April.

(82) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and  Alpas, A. (1993) Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Microlaminated Al/Al2O3 Composites for Tribological Applications by RF Sputtering, Canadian Materials Science Conference CMSC 1993,  Kingston,  ON, June.

(83) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and Alpas, A. (1993) Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Laminates Al/Al2O3, Interfaces II, Australia, November.

 (IV) Books

 (84) Farhat, Z. (2008) Corrosion and Wear of Materials, Proceedings of the Conference of Metallurgists COM 2008, Winnipeg, MT, 300 Pages.

(85) Farhat, Z. (2005) Microstructure of the Catalyst Layer in PEM Fuel Cell in “Advances in Fuel Cells”, editor, Xiang-Wu Zhang, Research Signpost.

 (V) Major Industrial Technical Reports

 (86) Farhat, Z. (2008) Wear Resistant Hockey Stick Blade Protector, Technical Report submitted to One Timer Sport Systems Inc., Halifax, NS, 21 pages.  

(87) Gould, D. and Farhat, Z. (2008) Novel Polymer-Based Encapsulation  for Turbine Blades I, For Pratt and Whitney Ltd., Halifax, NS, 60 pages. 

(88) Gould, D. and Farhat, Z. (2007) Novel Polymer-Based  encapsulation  for Turbine Blades II, For Pratt and Whitney Ltd., Halifax, NS, 40 pages. 

(89) Bliss, K. and Farhat, Z. (2006) Alternative Decapsulation Methods for Turbine Blades II, For Pratt and Whitney Ltd., Halifax, NS, 50 pages.

(90) Bliss, K. and Farhat, Z. (2005) Alternative Decapsulation Methods for Turbine Blades I, For Pratt and Whitney Ltd., Halifax, NS, 15 pages.

(91) Farhat, Z. (2004) Fabrication of Nanostructured Pt-based Catalyst, For the National Research Council-Institute of Fuel Cell Innovation, Vancouver, BC, 10 pages.

(92) Farhat, Z., Northwood, D., Brauss, M. and Pineault, J. (1996) Investigation into the Feasibility of using X-ray Peak Features Analysis for Measuring Hardness, For Proto Manufacturing Ltd., Oldcastle, ON, 38 pages.

(93) Farhat, Z., Ding, Y., Northwood, D. and Alpas, (1994) A. Nanoindentation and Dry Sliding Friction Tests on TiN Coatings Produced by Reactive Ion Plating, For Liburdi Engineering Ltd., Hamilton, ON, 13 pages.

(94) Farhat Z. and Alpas, A. (1993) Tribological Behavior of Nanocrystalline Aluminum, For Liburdi Engineering Ltd., Hamilton, ON, 18 pages.